Over the past 30 years, Canadian companies have made growing use of dual-class share structures in financing their operations. The incidence of superior voting shares in Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX) companies rose from 5% in 1975 to over 15% in 1987. While there are indications that the use of dual-class share structures in Canada has peaked, currently an estimated 20% to 25% of companies listed on the TSX make use of some form of dual-class share structure or special voting rights. In comparison, in the United States, where rules on dual-class shares are much more restrictive and investor opposition is more vocal, just over 2% of companies issue restricted shares.
Probablement en raison du scandale Hollinger, où Conrad Black s'est servi de son contrôle de Hollinger International pour se livrer à des manoeuvres de détournement d'actif, les actions subalternes sont de nouveau sur la sellette au Canada. Le débat est certainement relancé avec la publication d'un rapport de Yvan Allaire pour l'Institut sur la gouvernance d'organisations privées et publiques intitulé Dual-class shares structures in Canada: Review and Proposals., qui s'ajoute aux rapports du Parlement du Canada et de l'organisme Share, ainsi qu'aux travaux de Randall Morck. Le rapport Allaire, le premier rapport de l'Institut depuis sa création il y a maintenant un an, fournit une série de 6 recommandations qui tentent de créer un équilibre entre les avantages et les désavantages des actions subalternes:
1.- Publicly traded companies with a capital structure that includes multiple voting shares should be bound by a "Coattail Provision". In case of a takeover bid, all shareholders should be offered the same terms and conditions.
2.- In the future, the voting multiple should not exceed 4:1. Consequently, a founding shareholder, or his or her descendants, could hold the absolute majority of votes provided they represent at least 20% of the invested voting capital. Shares without voting rights should be prohibited.
3.- Controlling shareholders should elect a percentage of directors that is equivalent to their voting rights, with a cap of 2/3 of the board. The other board members would be elected exclusively by the minority shareholders. The Governance Committee, composed of a majority of independent directors, would propose candidates to be elected by the minority shareholders.
4.- In cases of CEO succession where a descendant or relative of the controlling shareholder is a candidate, the independent members of the Board should draw the profile of skills, experience and expertise sought for the next CEO. The members of the Board and of the Human Resources Committee, along with the controlling shareholder, will review, in light of this profile, the qualities of all candidates. At the following shareholders' annual meeting, the Chairman of the Committee shall describe the process that was adopted to select the new CEO.
5.- If the controlling shareholder has no family member who may play an active role, either on the Board of Directors or in top management, he or she should discuss with the Board the process and timing of transition towards a capital structure with only one class of shares.
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