The 2008 financial crisis has necessarily raised the question of regulatory redesign. Were regulatory failures responsible to any significant degree for the insolvency of the major investment banks? Even prior to the crisis's cresting, the Treasury Department issued a "Blueprint" in early 2008 concluding that the regulation of financial institutions in the U.S. was overly fragmented. This paper analyses both the Treasury Department's proposals and the role of the SEC in the rapid increase of leverage at major investment banks in the 2005 to 2008 era that led to their insolvency. Finding the SEC to be more competent at consumer protection and antifraud enforcement than at prudential financial regulation, this paper supports a "twin peaks" model for financial regulation in preference to either a universal regulator or the U.S.'s current system of "functional regulation." It disagrees, however, with the Treasury's recommendation of greater reliance on self-regulation and "principles" over "rules," finding that deference to self-regulation was at the heart of the SEC's recent failure in the Consolidated Supervised Entity Program and provides a paradigm of when self-regulation will fail. An alternative (and more modest) proposal is also made to Treasury's proposed preemption of state securities regulation.
vendredi, décembre 12, 2008
Réflexions sur la réforme du rôle de la SEC
mercredi, décembre 10, 2008
Activisme des investisseurs et responsabilité sociale
Shareholder involvement in CSR is gaining traction in Canada, say experts such as Jordan Berger, head of responsible investment at Mercer (Canada) Ltd. Led by pension funds, institutions and ethical mutual fund companies, shareholders are increasingly using annual meetings, proxy materials and old-fashioned public relations to nudge public companies into action over everything from environmental protection to employment practices.
"There is most definitely a rising tide of shareholder resolutions being filed," says Myrna Khan, senior vice-president and general manager of Canadian Business for Social Responsibility in Vancouver. The not-for-profit organization advises businesses
on how to bring their operations into line with CSR expectations.
The driving force, however, is not moral outrage about business practices.
Rather, today's push for social responsibility is based on hard-edged economics and long-term sustainability - the understanding that embracing high standards on the environment, employment and other social issues reduces risk and ultimately leads to improved financial returns.
"We have moved from demanding ethical investing to sustainable investing," explains Matthew Kiernan, chief executive officer of Innovest Strategic Value Advisors Inc. of Richmond Hill, Ont., which helps pension funds and institutions analyze risks associated with sustainability.
mardi, décembre 09, 2008
Comment accroître l'imputabilité des chefs de la direction: GM, un exemple à ne pas suivre
Like parents unable to view their children objectively, boards reject statistical reality and almost always view their firms as above average. Because directors participate in corporate decision-making, they inevitably take ownership of the strategies that the corporation pursues. In doing so, directors become incapable of evaluating management and strategies in a detached manner.
As board tenure lengthens, it becomes increasingly less likely that boards will remain independent of the managers they are charged with monitoring. The capture problem is exacerbated by the incentives of managers to develop close personal ties with directors. Mr. Wagoner has had 10 years to cultivate his board. Of the 13 "independent" directors on the board, eight of them have served with Mr. Wagoner since 2003.
Once an opinion, such as the opinion that a CEO is doing a good job, becomes ingrained in the minds of a board of directors, the possibility of altering those beliefs decreases substantially. All too often, it is only when an outsider takes an objective look does anybody realize the obvious: That the directors of a company are generally the last people to recognize management failure.
La solution? Selon Macey, encourager l'activisme des investisseurs, incluant des hedge funds.
Tribune: étude de cas pour la stakeholder theory
Mr. Zell financed much of his deal’s $13 billion of debt by borrowing against part of the future of his employees’ pension plan and taking a huge tax advantage. Tribune employees ended up with equity, and now they will probably be left with very little. (The good news: any pension money put aside before the deal remains for the employees.)
As Mr. Newman, an analyst at CreditSights, explained at the time: “If there is a problem with the company, most of the risk is on the employees, as Zell will not own Tribune shares.” He continued: “The cash will come from the sweat equity of the employees of Tribune.”
Granted, Mr. Zell, 67, put up some money. He invested $315 million in the form of subordinated debt in exchange for a warrant to buy 40 percent of Tribune in the future for $500 million. It is unclear how much he’ll lose, but one thing is clear: when creditors get in line, he gets to stand ahead of the employees.
Mr. Zell isn’t the only one responsible for this debacle. With one of the grand old names of American journalism now confronting an uncertain future, it is worth remembering all the people who mismanaged the company beforehand and helped orchestrate this ill-fated deal — and made a lot of money in the process. They include members of the Tribune board, the company’s management and the bankers who walked away with millions of dollars for financing and advising on a transaction that many of them knew, or should have known, could end in ruin.
But what about those employees? They had no seat at the table when the company’s own board let Mr. Zell use part of its future pension plan in exchange for $34 a share.
Mr. Newman, the analyst who predicted the trouble, said in an interview on Monday, “The employees were put in a very bad situation.” He added that while boards are typically only responsible to their shareholders, this situation may be different. “There has to be a balance,” he said, “to create sustainability for all the stakeholders.”
Les agences de notation (encore); des sentinelles endormies à leur poste?
“Moody’s was like a good watchdog that had regarded the financial markets as its turf and barked and growled when anybody it didn’t know came near it,” said Thomas J. McGuire, a former director of corporate development at the company who left in 1996. “But in the ’90s, that watchdog got muzzled and gelded. It was told to turn into a lapdog.”
Ainsi que:
“These errors make us look either incompetent at credit analysis or like we sold our soul to the devil for revenue, or a little bit of both.”
lundi, décembre 08, 2008
Un article à découvrir ?
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Vers une meilleure évaluation des conseils d'administration
- 90 % des sociétés ont évalués leur conseil ;
- 50 % des sociétés informent leurs actionnaires des résultst de l'évaluation et de la suite à donner ;
- un quart des membres des conseils sont étrangers ;
- l'âge moyen des conseils d'administration est élevé ;
- la parité est en souffrance ;
- Le montant des jetons de présence a diminué de 4 % pour être à 38 200 euro.
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Le Parlement européen votera sur les agences au printemps
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